The problem included: employing planes and carriers in connection with escorting a convoy developing coordinating antisubmarine measures between aircraft and destroyers and experimenting with various evasive tactics against attacking planes and submarines. A “Second Fleet” theoretically supported the White Fleet from an advanced base south of the Azores Islands. The White Fleet deployed about 220 carrier aircraft and approximately 48 floatplanes on board the battleships and cruisers, and was thus stronger in carrier strength. The Black Fleet contained only 72 carrier planes but nearly 60 floatplanes embarked on board the battleships and cruisers, 102 patrol planes supported by the tenders in (apparently) safe harbors, and 62 marine planes flying from ashore, and thus deployed stronger reconnaissance and scouting strength. The opponents roughly balanced each other in numbers and types of ships, but the White Fleet counted more submarines and the fleets deployed different air strength. King, Commander Aircraft, Battle Force, led the carriers - six heavy cruisers, six light cruisers, 29 destroyers, 12 submarines, and target ship Utah (AG-16) as a surrogate for a trio of large troop ships.
Fleet, took the White Fleet to sea, which also counted six battleships, as well as Enterprise, Lexington (CV-2), and Yorktown - Vice Adm. Fleet, led the Black Fleet, which comprised six battleships, Ranger (CV-4), eight heavy cruisers, six light cruisers, 32 destroyers, 15 auxiliaries, and five aircraft tenders. Adolphus Andrews, Commander Scouting Force, U.S. The opponents divided into two fleets, Black and White. Roosevelt observed the problem initially from on board heavy cruiser Houston (CA-30), transferred to battleship Pennsylvania (BB-38), and then returned to Houston to watch the final exercises, and the chief executive’s presence led to the maneuvers becoming unusually publicized.Īircraft carriers Enterprise (CV-6) and Yorktown (CV-5) were so new that the referees limited them to operating their air groups during good weather and in daylight. Fleet Problem XX ranged across the Caribbean and the northeast coast of South America (20–27 February 1939). The annual fleet problems concentrated the Navy’s power to conduct maneuvers on the largest scale and under the most realistic conditions attainable.
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